Health
Child labour, societal consequences and insecurity
Against the backdrop of the International Day Against Child Labour, annually marked around the globe on June 12 to bring to the fore, problems associated with child labour and to find ways to eradicate the menace, there is need to evaluate its link with insecurity and other societal vices.
The day, which has “Act Now, End Child Labour” as its theme for 2021, is to raise awareness about the harmful mental and physical problems faced by children who are forced into harmful practices.
According to layman’s perspective, child labour is the act of subjecting a minor between five to 17 years of age to forced labour, abuse, assault, capable of triggering psychological trauma.
It also refers to the exploitation of children through any form of work that deprives them of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and is mentally, physically, socially and morally harmful.
However, the International Labour Organisation (ILO) says not all work done by children should be classified as child labour, and be targeted for elimination.
It says children’s or adolescents’ participation in work that does not affect their health and personal development or interfere with their schooling, is generally regarded as being something positive.
This includes activities such as helping parents around the home, assisting in a family business or earning pocket money outside school hours and during school holidays, as these kinds of activities contribute to children’s development and welfare of families and provide skills to prepare them to be productive members of society.
ILO, therefore, defined child labour as work that is dangerous and deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, interferes with their schooling, obliging them to leave school prematurely; or requiring them to combine school with excessively long and heavy work that is harmful to their physical and mental development.
However, child labour could be due to poverty and high unemployment levels in given societies or communities even countries.
While some stakeholders believe it is deliberate in some cultures, some argue that it is situational.
Mrs Sophia Obinor, a primary school teacher in Abuja, blamed the increase in child labour to limited or the lack of access to compulsory, free education.
Obinor explained that child labour is still permissible in states where existing laws or codes of conduct are often violated.
She said “laws and enforcement are often inadequate. National laws often include exemptions and workers’ rights are repressed.”
Mr Suleiman Abubakar of Eagle Eye Security company noted with dismay the increasing violation and abuse of the rights of children.
Suleiman, who vehemently condemned all forms of exploitation, repression and dehumanisation of children, identified insecurity as one of the greatest consequences.
He said majority of the bandits and terrorists threatening the peace of people today in the country are victims of child labour.
Understandably, Richard Wright’s Native Boy is a clear illustration of the consequences of child labour.
Wright’s protagonist, Bigger Thomas, mutated to a beast with utter hatred for the society and subsequent rebellion ventilated through violence and criminality as occasioned by his exploitation.
Mr Ikenna Nwakamma of Nigerian Network of Religious Leaders Living or Personally Affected by HIV and AIDS (NINERELA+), urged policy makers and stakeholders to rise against child labour to save the society from imminent chaos.
Nwakamma affirmed the ravaging brutality in the society as one of the consequences of child labour.
He said every child who had been subjected to labour would mentally feel insecure, thereby resorting to self help.
He added that “such self help can be armed robbery, cultism, banditry, terrorism, prostitution and many more.”
It is on record that globally, 152 million children aged five to 17 years are in child labour. About half of them, 72.5 million, perform hazardous work that places their health, safety or moral development at risk.
One in five children in Africa is involved in child labour, making it the region where the risk of child labour is greatest.
Half of affected children live in lower-middle and upper-middle income countries and
the problem is prevalent in countries experiencing conflict and disaster.
Dr Okai Aku of Planned Parenthood Federation of Nigeria (PPFN) said: “child labour is defined by international standards as work that is hazardous or performed by children who are too young.
“Children work because their survival depends on it, because adults take advantage of their vulnerability, and because national education systems are weak.
“Child labour is sometimes the result of some customs and traditions.”
Child labour has been on the increase in Nigeria, especially insurgents-riddled areas where children are internally displaced.
Mr Nduka Arinze, the former Director, Population Management, National Population Commission (NPC), said hundreds of children who have been turned into orphans or internally displaced are subjected to exploitation in the North East.
Meanwhile, ILO estimate shows that the current number of child workers in Nigeria is 15 million, about 43 per cent of the total population of minors.
Child labour can result into extreme bodily and mental harm, and even death.
It can lead to slavery and sexual or economic exploitation. And in nearly every case, it cuts children off from schooling and healthcare, restricting their fundamental rights and threatening their future.
The time to take action against child labour is now, aimed at not only securing the children’s future but restoring hope and love among them.
Consequently, there is the need to increase awareness on what constitutes child labour and for government to promulgate stringent laws and effectively implement them, as well as ensure more children are sent to school.
Other measures are to discourage people from employing children in homes, shops and factories, among others, as well as support NGOs to continue to preach against the practice. (NANFeatures)** If used, please credit the writer, as well as the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)
The Nigeria Society of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, in partnership with the Haemophilia Care team and the Novo Nordisk Haemophilia Foundation, has called for urgent government intervention to address the rising number of haemophilia-related deaths in Nigeria.
During a visit to the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) in Abuja on Tuesday, the group, led by Omolade Awodu, President of the Nigerian Society for Haematology and Blood Transfusion, highlighted the severity of the situation. They emphasized that haemophilia, a genetic bleeding disorder, remains significantly underdiagnosed in Nigeria, with only seven percent of cases identified, leaving 93 percent of individuals without proper diagnosis or treatment.
The lack of attention to this condition has resulted in severe disability and premature death for many affected individuals. The advocacy group is urging the government to take immediate and effective action to improve diagnosis, treatment, and support for those with haemophilia in the country.
As temperatures soar, so does the potential for unpleasant body odour. Here are some strategies to keep smelling fresh during hot weather:
1. Shower frequently: Aim for at least two showers a day to wash away sweat and bacteria that contribute to odour.
2. Trim body hair: Consider shaving or trimming body hair in areas prone to sweating, like the underarms and pubic region, to reduce the trapping of sweat and bacteria.
3. Choose breathable clothing: Opt for loose-fitting garments made from natural fibres like cotton, which allow the skin to breathe and sweat to evaporate. Avoid synthetic fabrics that trap moisture.
4. Use antibacterial soap: Washing with antibacterial soap can help eliminate odour-causing bacteria on the skin.
5. Thoroughly dry off: After showering, ensure you dry yourself completely with a towel, paying extra attention to areas prone to sweating such as the armpits, groin, and feet.
6. Harness the power of essential oils: Essential oils like lavender, peppermint, or tea tree oil offer a natural and longer-lasting fragrance while potentially possessing mild antibacterial properties.
7. Try lemons and limes: These citrus fruits contain natural antibacterial properties. Rubbing them on sweaty areas or adding a squeeze to your bathwater can leave you smelling fresh all day.
8. Watch your diet: Avoid oily, fried, and spicy foods, which can increase sweating and contribute to body odour. Opt for a balanced diet to help control odour from within.
9. Use deodorant and antiperspirant: Deodorants mask odour, while antiperspirants control sweat production. Using both can help combat body odour effectively.
10. Consider apple cider vinegar: Diluted apple cider vinegar can help regulate skin pH, creating an unfavourable environment for odour-causing bacteria. Apply it to sweat-prone areas for added freshness.
*Introduction*
High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a prevalent health concern with far-reaching implications. The consistent force of blood against artery walls can strain the heart and vessels, leading to severe conditions like heart disease and stroke. A strategic dietary approach can be instrumental in managing high blood pressure. This article delves into the foods to embrace and those to avoid for maintaining optimal blood pressure levels.
*Understanding High Blood Pressure*
Often dubbed the “silent killer” due to its asymptomatic nature, high blood pressure poses a significant risk of heart-related issues. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet stands out as a well-researched strategy, emphasizing fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and reduced sodium intake.
*Essential Nutrients for Blood Pressure Management*
**Potassium-Rich Foods**
Assisting in sodium excretion, potassium-rich foods like bananas and sweet potatoes are pivotal for healthy blood pressure.
**Magnesium-Rich Foods**
Magnesium aids in blood vessel relaxation; nuts, seeds, and leafy greens are excellent sources.
**Calcium-Rich Foods**
Contributing to blood vessel health, dairy products and almonds are rich in calcium.
**Vitamin D Sources**
Sunlight, fatty fish, and fortified dairy products help boost Vitamin D levels, potentially linked to blood pressure.
*The Role of Sodium in Hypertension*
Reducing sodium intake is crucial, as excessive amounts can lead to fluid retention and increased blood pressure.
*Foods to Support Healthy Blood Pressure*
**Leafy Green Vegetables**
Rich in potassium, magnesium, and nitrates, leafy greens like spinach aid in blood vessel relaxation.
**Berries**
Antioxidant-rich berries contribute to lowered blood pressure and reduced inflammation.
**Beets**
High in nitrates, beets enhance blood flow, playing a role in blood pressure reduction.
**Fatty Fish**
Omega-3 fatty acids found in salmon and mackerel promote heart health and lower blood pressure.
**Whole Grains**
Quinoa and oats, as whole grains, rich in fiber, contribute to blood pressure management.
**Nuts and Seeds**
Almonds, chia seeds, and flaxseeds, rich in magnesium and healthy fats, support heart health.
**Olive Oil**
A healthy alternative to saturated fats, olive oil aids in cholesterol improvement.
**Greek Yogurt**
A calcium-rich option, Greek yogurt aligns with a heart-healthy diet.
*Foods to Avoid for Hypertension Management*
**Processed and Canned Foods**
High sodium levels and unhealthy additives often characterize processed and canned foods.
**Excessive Salt and Sodium**
Limiting salt intake, including from table salt and packaged foods, is crucial for blood pressure control.
**Sugary Beverages**
Contributing to weight gain, sugary drinks correlate with increased blood pressure.
**Red Meat**
High red meat consumption is linked to an elevated risk of hypertension.
**Trans Fats**
Found in processed and fried foods, trans fats can raise bad cholesterol and blood pressure.
**Alcohol**
Excessive alcohol intake may raise blood pressure and harm the heart over time.
*Understanding Caffeine’s Impact on Blood Pressure*
Caffeine can induce a temporary blood pressure spike, particularly in individuals unaccustomed to its effects.
*The Importance of Hydration*
Adequate hydration is integral to maintaining healthy blood pressure levels.
*Developing Healthy Eating Habits*
**Meal Planning**
Crafting balanced meal plans ensures consistent adherence to a heart-healthy diet.
**Portion Control**
Managing portion sizes aids in weight control and blood pressure maintenance.
**Mindful Eating**
Being attentive to hunger cues and practicing mindful eating prevents overconsumption.
*The Benefits of Regular Exercise*
Engaging in regular physical activity supports heart health and aids blood pressure management.
*Managing Stress and Blood Pressure*
Given the link between chronic stress and high blood pressure, stress-reduction techniques prove beneficial.
*Monitoring Blood Pressure at Home*
Regular home blood pressure monitoring allows individuals to track progress and detect any changes.
*In Conclusion*
A well-rounded, heart-healthy diet is pivotal in managing high blood pressure. By incorporating nutrient-rich foods and avoiding those contributing to hypertension, individuals can significantly enhance cardiovascular health. Remember, modest changes in diet and lifestyle can yield substantial improvements in blood pressure and overall well-being.
**FAQs:**
*How does excess salt intake affect blood pressure?*
Excess salt intake leads to water retention, increasing blood volume and putting pressure on blood vessels.
*Can caffeine cause a spike in blood pressure?*
Yes, caffeine can cause a temporary increase in blood pressure, especially in sensitive individuals.
*Is it necessary to cut out all fats from the diet?*
No, focusing on healthy fats from sources like nuts, seeds, and fish is important while avoiding trans fats.
*Are there any specific foods to help lower blood pressure quickly?*
While there are no instant fixes, foods like berries, beets, and leafy greens can have a positive impact over time.
*Can I consume alcohol in moderation with high blood pressure?*
Moderate alcohol consumption is generally acceptable, but it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider.
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